Take out any sticks, twigs or odd-sized stones. This will help to eliminate air pockets and uneven concrete surfaces. To ensure that the ground is flat, use a 48-72-inch-long level. Adjust the grading by moving the soil with a shovel, and then test the level again.
By using a hand tamper to compress the subgrade (the soil or earth that lies beneath a layer of gravel), you can compact it. The flat-bottomed plate has a broom-length, upright handle that allows you to add weight by pressing down on it or standing on top of it. To prevent concrete cracking, apply the hand tamper evenly to the entire area.
Next, you will need to build a form around your site. Concrete will be placed inside the form. To create a linear shape, you will need standard lumber such as 1x4 boards and duplex nails. These have two heads which make it easier to remove them when the concrete has cured. A piece of synthetic siding can be used to create a strong organic shape if a curve is present in the pour.
Use the level after the concrete form has been constructed to ensure that it is even in height. This is crucial as the final concrete stage will require level concrete. To strengthen the shape, add a board to reinforce the joints. Before moving on, make sure the form is level.
A gravel subbase might be required depending on the soil and climate. Some areas are frost-free while others have soil that is susceptible to temperature changes. To protect concrete from changing ground conditions, a layer of 4- to 8-inch subbase gravel or stones is placed over the concrete.
Open-grade stones can be cheaper and drain more water, while finer-grade gravel or stone compacts better and can sometimes provide a more stable result. To compact the gravel on top of the subbase, use the hand tamper. Lay out the wire mesh sheets if you plan to add reinforcement to concrete.
To mix concrete, you will need safety glasses and gloves. For smaller jobs, a concrete mixer can be rented at $100 per day. However, a shovel, wheelbarrow and elbow grease are sufficient. Two wheelbarrows are a great way to speed up the process if you have a helper.